How to deal with the bucket falling failure of a small loader?

Causes of small loader bucket drop failure

(I) Hydraulic system problems

1. Hydraulic oil leakage

Oil pipe rupture or loose joints: Long-term use, mechanical vibration, external force collision, etc. may cause the oil pipe to rupture or the joint to loosen, resulting in hydraulic oil leakage, affecting the system pressure and causing bucket drop. For example, at the construction site, small loaders frequently shuttle, and the oil pipe is easily scratched and broken by sharp objects.

Damage to the cylinder seal: The cylinder seal is subjected to long-term impact and wear of high-pressure oil, or aging due to harsh working environment, the sealing performance is reduced, causing internal leakage, making the bucket unable to maintain its position. According to statistics, about 30% of bucket drop failures are caused by damage to the cylinder seal.

2. Hydraulic pump failure

Wear of internal parts: The hydraulic pump works for a long time, and the internal gears, blades and other parts wear, resulting in insufficient output flow and pressure, and the bucket falls due to insufficient power. For example, using inferior hydraulic oil, impurities will aggravate the wear of parts.

Pump shaft damage: Mechanical failure, overload, etc. may cause damage to the pump shaft, making the hydraulic pump unable to work normally, causing the bucket to fall.

3. Safety valve failure

Improper pressure setting: The safety valve pressure is set lower than the normal working pressure, and the system pressure overflows when it is slightly higher, and the pressure required by the bucket cannot be maintained, causing the bucket to fall.

Valve core stuck: Oil contamination causes impurities to enter the safety valve, jamming the valve core, making it often open or not closed tightly, causing unstable system pressure and causing the bucket to fall.

(II) Mechanical component problems

1. Loose connection of the bucket

Pin wear: The bucket is connected to the boom, connecting rod, etc. through a pin. Frequent work causes the pin to wear, the gap increases, the connection is loose, and the bucket is easy to fall.

Loose or falling bolts: The bolts that fix the bucket may loosen or fall off under vibration and impact, resulting in a loose connection of the bucket.

2. Deformation of the rocker arm and connecting rod mechanism

External force impact: When the bucket is hit by heavy objects or works on uneven ground during operation, the rocker arm and connecting rod mechanism may be deformed, destroying the transmission of force and causing the bucket to fall.

Long-term fatigue: Long-term high-load work will cause fatigue deformation of the rocker arm and connecting rod mechanism, affecting the stability of the bucket.

(III) Operation and maintenance issues

1. Improper operation

Emergency stop and start: The bucket is suddenly lifted or lowered during operation, generating impact force, which is easy to damage the hydraulic system and mechanical components, causing the bucket to fall.

Overload operation: Loading materials exceeding the rated load of the bucket increases the system pressure, causing damage to components and causing the bucket to fall.

2. Poor maintenance

Failure to replace the hydraulic oil in time: The hydraulic oil deteriorates and becomes polluted after long-term use, and cannot effectively lubricate and transmit pressure, affecting system performance and causing failures.

Ignore component inspection: Irregular inspection of bucket connection parts, hydraulic system, etc., and failure to detect looseness, wear and other problems in time, leading to failure.

2. Solutions to small loader bucket drop failure

(I) Solutions to hydraulic system failure

1. Check hydraulic oil leakage

Appearance inspection: After shutdown, carefully check whether there are oil stains on the oil pipes, joints, cylinders and other parts. If the oil pipe is found to be broken, it is necessary to replace the oil pipe of the same specification; if the joint is loose, it should be tightened or the gasket should be replaced.

Pressure test: Use professional tools to test the system pressure to determine whether the pressure is insufficient due to internal leakage. If the cylinder seal is damaged, the cylinder needs to be disassembled and the seal needs to be replaced.

2. Troubleshoot hydraulic pump failure

Performance test: Determine whether the hydraulic pump is normal by testing the output flow and pressure of the hydraulic pump. If the internal parts are worn, the worn parts need to be repaired or replaced; if the pump shaft is damaged, replace the pump shaft.

Cleaning and maintenance: Clean the hydraulic pump and the oil inlet filter regularly to prevent impurities from entering and extend the service life.

3. Dealing with safety valve failure

Pressure adjustment: Use professional instruments to reset the safety valve pressure according to the specified standards.

Valve core cleaning and maintenance: Disassemble the safety valve, clean the valve core and internal parts, and remove impurities. If the valve core is severely worn, the valve core needs to be replaced.

(II) Mechanical component failure repair method

1. Tighten the bucket connection parts

Check the pin shaft and bolts: Check the pin shaft wear regularly, and replace it in time if it is severely worn. At the same time, tighten the loose bolts and add anti-loosening devices.

Lubrication and maintenance: Apply grease to the pin shaft and other connection parts regularly to reduce wear.

2. Correct the rocker arm and connecting rod mechanism

Detect deformation: Use measuring tools to check whether the rocker arm and connecting rod mechanism are deformed. If deformed, cold or hot calibration can be used for correction. Severe deformation requires replacement of new parts.

Strengthen protection: Pay attention to avoid the bucket from being hit by external forces during operation, and protective devices can be installed at the parts prone to collision.

(III) Standardize operation and strengthen maintenance

1. Train operators

Safe operation training: Provide safe operation training to operators to enable them to master the correct operation methods and avoid improper operations such as emergency stop and start, overload operation, etc.

Regular assessment: Regularly assess operators to ensure that their operating skills meet the requirements.

2. Improve the maintenance system

Develop a maintenance plan: According to the use of the equipment, formulate a detailed maintenance plan, clarify the maintenance items, cycles and responsible persons.

Strictly implement maintenance: Regularly replace hydraulic oil and filter elements, check the hydraulic system and mechanical components, and promptly discover and solve problems.

The causes of small loader bucket failure are complex, involving hydraulic systems, mechanical components, operation and maintenance. By analyzing the common causes of failures, taking targeted solutions, and strengthening daily maintenance and operator training, it can effectively reduce the occurrence of bucket failures, improve equipment efficiency and safety, and provide strong guarantees for engineering construction and production operations.

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